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A COMPARISON OF JOINT DIAMETER-BASED AND BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS TO DUAL ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY FOR BODY COMPOSITION ANALYSIS IN COLLEGIATE AMERICAN FOOTBALL PLAYERS

Abstract

Kylie A. Williamson1, Jeremy P. Loenneke2, William M. Miller1, Majid M. Abdul1, Ryan J. Johnson1, Jason D. Wagganer1 & Jeremy T. Barnes1

1Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, Missouri; 2University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi

Body composition (BC) is a frequently assessed component of health-related fitness. Many different field methods are used to estimate BC including bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and skinfolds. Recently, a portable joint diameter-based body composition assessment system (IBC) has become commercially available for estimating BC. PURPOSE: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the reliability of the IBC system and BIA for estimating percent body fat (%fat) in collegiate freshmen American football players. METHODS: Participants’ %fat was estimated using the IBC and BIA Omron HBF 306 in both the Athlete (A) and Non-Athlete (NA) modes and compared to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which served as the criterion estimate. Participants were 22 freshmen collegiate football players age 18.23 (0.87) yrs., height 1.73 (0.07) m., body mass 104.8 (20.5) kg, and BMI 29.7 (5.1) kg/m2. The positions played by the participants varied between linemen (7) and non-linemen (15). RESULTS: The HBF-306A [16.4 (5.7) %] and IBC [16.2 (9.7) %] estimates of %fat were significantly different from the criterion DXA estimate [22.2 (9.3) %, p=0.006], however, the HBF-306NA [23.4 (7.4) %] estimate was not (p=0.834). Additionally, there were significant differences between HBF-306A and HBF-306NA (p=0.006), however, the HBF-306NA and IBC estimates were similar to each other (p=0.999). All estimates were highly correlated with the DXA criterion ranging from r=0.906 to r=0.940. The SEE was 3.3%, 3.2%, and 4.0% for HBF-306A, HBF-306NA, and IBC estimates of % fat, respectively. The average deviation from the line of identity was 7.2%, 3.5%, and 7.2% for the HBF-306A, HBF-306NA, and IBC estimates of % fat, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this study the IBC estimate did not provide a valid estimate of body composition and underestimated %fat compared to the DXA estimate. Interestingly, the BIA Omron HBF-306NA resulted in values similar to that of the DXA. Thus, the results suggest that the BIA Omron HBF-306NA may provide a valid estimate of %fat in freshmen American football players when the DXA estimate is not feasible. Neither the HBF-306A nor IBC can be recommended for estimating %fat based on this primary analysis.

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