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ACCELERATING HEALTH BEHAVIOR RESEARCH – ADAPTIVE AND OPTIMIZED STUDY DESIGNS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO HEALTH BEHAVIOR RESEARCH.

Abstract

The goal of health behavior interventions is to improve health behaviors (e.g., physical activity, stress) leading to improvements in the physical or mental health of participants. Randomized controlled trials are designed to test if the intervention is effective for a group of participants within the intervention(s). But these studies are often time intensive, expensive to run, and may include intervention components that are not effective. Additionally, results commonly look at group averages which overlooks participants who may not have changed their health behaviors or health status in the intervention. Newer study designs, including adaptive (e.g., sequential multiple assignment randomized trials [SMART], just-in-time adaptive interventions [JITAI]) and optimization (e.g., factorial; roll-out implementation optimization; trials of improved practice) designs, are becoming more common as researchers work to improve intervention effectiveness and efficiency. Adaptive studies provide participants a modified or new treatment based on how they are responding (or not responding) to the intervention. Studies using optimization frameworks evaluate and refine multi-component behavioral interventions to rapidly develop resource-efficient strategies that improve participant outcomes. This symposium will 1) present an overview of adaptive and optimization study designs, 2) demonstrate methods for analyzing and interpreting findings from these studies, and 3) provide example health behavior studies currently using these study designs.

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