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CHANGES IN CLEAN BARBELL KINETICS WITH INCREASING LOAD IN MASTERS OLYMPIC WEIGHTLIFTING

Abstract

Matthew Helms, Isabell Delgado, Jeremy Ford, Jadeon Carreker, Robert LeFavi, Bryan L. Riemann. Georgia Southern University Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA.

Background: While previous studies have discussed the general relationship between biomechanical variables in the clean movement, few studies have examined the effect of load during the second pull phase. Currently, there is a lack of research pertaining to the effects of load on variables such as peak power, peak force, and timing of the first (FP) and second (SP) pull of the clean. Purpose: To determine the effect of submaximal loads on the FP and SP of the clean in masters Olympic weightlifting athletes. Methods: Thirty-six master Olympic weightlifting athletes (35-65 years) including 20 women (age 46.7± 9.1 years) and 16 men (50.2 ± 10.4 years) who participated in the 2017 National Masters Weightlifting Championships completed 2 clean and jerks using loads of 65%, 75%, and 85% of their estimated one repetition maximum with rest periods of 3-5 minutes between lifts. Simultaneously with each lift, three-dimensional barbell kinematics were collected (12 infrared cameras) and used to compute several characteristics, including FP peak force (PF), FP peak power (PP), SP PF, SP PP, and the FP/SP phase times PF and PP were normalized to body mass. Separate sex by load analysis of variance analyses were conducted. Results: There were significant sex differences for FP PF (P=.005, d=1.0), FP PP (P=.003, d=1.1), and SP PP (P=.045, d=.70). SP PF was not different between sexes (P=.105, d=.56), neither were any of the sex by load interactions (P=.285). Post hoc trend analyses of significant load effects yielded similar (significant linear trends) increases between each subsequent load for FP PF (P<.001, d=5.3) and PP (P<.001, d=2.1), whereas there was a greater increase in SP PF (P=.041, d=.73) and PP (P=.010, d=.70) between 65% and 75% compared to 75% and 85% (significant quadratic trends). Simple main effect post hoc comparisons of a significant phase by load interaction for phase time yielded no SP changes between loads, whereas the 85% FP time was significantly greater than 75% (P=.031, d=.95) and 65% (P<.001, d=1.7). Conclusion: These results demonstrate men and women exhibit equal changes for submaximal load increases for FP metric but less change between the two higher loads for SP metrics. Future research should consider changes with higher loads up to maximal effort.

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