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EFFECTS OF DAILY EXERCISE AND WINE INGESTION ON GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN INSULIN-RESISTANT PARTICIPANTS

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Ethanol increases insulin secretion in response to ingested carbohydrates and exercise enhances insulin sensitivity; therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the combination of wine and exercise would enhance glycemic control in insulin-resistant participants. METHODS: Ten participants (7 female, 3 male; 4 with type 2 diabetes, 6 with pre-diabetes) completed four different 1-week treatment periods consisting of no alcohol and no exercise (CON), daily red wine (14 g ethanol) with dinner and no exercise (WINE), no alcohol and daily exercise (60 min at 55% heart rate reserve; EX), or daily wine with dinner and daily exercise (WINE + EX). During the last three days of each treatment period, each participant wore a continuous glucose monitor to record blood glucose data. RESULTS: Average blood glucose levels over each 3-day period were 132 ± 5.3, 132 ± 4.6, 123 ± 4.7, 123 ± 6.6 mg/dl for CON, WINE, EX, and WINE + EX treatments, respectively. Exercise lowered average glucose level (p = 0.01). The percentage of time with blood glucose higher than 130 mg/dl was 50 ± 7.7% for CON, 48 ± 8.8% for WINE, 32 ± 7.7% for EX, and 36 ± 8.2% for WINE + EX, indicating a significant effect for exercise (p = 0.01). Average overnight glucose (12:00AM-5:00AM) was measured at 128.9 ± 7.0, 128.3 ± 6.3, 124.7 ± 4.5, 118.0 ± 7.1 mg/dl for CON, WINE, EX, and WINE + EX treatments, respectively. Neither exercise nor wine had a significant effect on average overnight glucose level (p = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that one week of exercise lowers both average blood glucose levels and the fraction of time spent above 130 mg/dl in this group of insulin-resistant participants. There was no significant effect on average overnight glucose. Daily wine consumption did not affect glycemic control.

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