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12 WEEKS OF RESISTANCE EXERCISE TRAINING OR ENDURANCE EXERCISE TRAINING HAS NO EFFECT ON ENERGY EXPENDITURE BEFORE, DURING, OR AFTER AN ACUTE BOUT OF WALKING EXERCISE IN SEDENTARY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH OBESITY AND PREDIABETES.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Prediabetes, often seen alongside obesity and as a precursor to type 2 diabetes, is prevalent in over 50% of women aged 60 years and above. The metabolic health benefits of exercise are widely acknowledged; however, a clear understanding of metabolic changes induced by resistance training (RT) compared to endurance training (ET) is lacking, particularly in older women. Furthermore, it is unclear what the effects are of 12 weeks of RT or ET training on metabolic activity before, during, and after general physical activities, like walking. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impacts of 12-week energy-matched RT or ET on energy expenditure before (resting metabolic rate (RMR)), during, and after an acute bout of walking exercise in postmenopausal women with obesity and prediabetes. METHODS: The study included postmenopausal women with obesity and prediabetes that participated in an ongoing larger study of fat metabolism (n =15; mean ± SD: age: 59 ± 6 yrs.; BMI: 35.17. ± 3.53 kg/m2; BF: 46.87 ± 3.94%). Participants were randomized to 12-weeks of ET (n = 7) or RT (n = 8). In addition, six participants (n=3ET, n=3RT) were randomized for an acute bout of low-intensity (50% VO2 peak) treadmill exercise before and after the 12-weeks of training. Energy expenditure before, during, and after an acute bout of exercise at the same absolute intensity were assessed using indirect calorimetry. All study outcomes were assessed before (PRE) and following (POST) 12 weeks of ET or RT. Statistical analyses with Statistical Analysis System (SAS) using marginal models to determine the main effect of time and training (RT or ET) on study outcomes. Post hoc analyses were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni adjustment with α set at 0.05. RESULTS: No differences between study outcomes were present between RT and ET. At POST, as compared to PRE, there were no differences in RMR (n=15; POST: 1496.25 ± 266.66 vs PRE: 1452.30 ± 150.34 kcal/day; p=0.722), exercise energy expenditure (n=6; POST: 228.85 ± 89.77 vs. PRE: 246.98 ± 67.38 kcals; p=0.695) or acute 10 minute post-exercise energy expenditure (n=6; POST: 14.25 ± 2.67 vs. PRE: 16.39 kcal/day; p=0.237). CONCLUSIONS: When the energy expenditure of exercise training is matched, 12 weeks of either ET or RT do not distinctly alter energy expenditure before, during, or after an acute bout of walking exercise in sedentary postmenopausal women with obesity and prediabetes.

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