Dose Effect of Whey Protein on Gut Hormone Responses in Pre-Diabetics and Type 2 Diabetics

Authors

Christopher Irvine, Texas Woman's UniversityFollow
Todd Castleberry, Texas Woman's UniversityFollow
Michael Oldham, Texas Woman's UniversityFollow
Matthew Brisebois, Texas Woman's UniversityFollow
Sarah E. Deemer, University of Alabama at BirminghamFollow
Ryan Gordon, Texas Woman's UniversityFollow
Aubrien Henderson, Texas Woman's UniversityFollow
Vic Ben-Ezra, Texas Woman's UniversityFollow

Abstract

GLP-1 and GIP have been shown to increase following a 50 g dose of whey protein prior to a high glycemic load in type 2 diabetics. However, this increase is reduced in diabetics compared to healthy individuals. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) also increase, while ghrelin decreases after the consumption of whey protein; however, it is not known if a similar hormone response occurs with a lower dose of whey protein prior to a glycemic load or if there is a dose effect. Our hypothesis was that 20 g and 30 g of whey protein would increase GLP-1, GIP, PP, and PYY and decrease ghrelin in a dose dependent manner. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of two different doses of whey protein ingested 30 min prior to a 50 g OGTT on gut hormone and incretin response. METHODS: Nine diabetic and pre-diabetic participants (n=9, mean ± SD; age: 64.3 + 8.1 yrs.; BMI: 29.4 + 6.0 kg/m²; HbA1c: 6.4 + 0.6%) completed three trials. The randomly assigned trials consisted of: ingestion of 250ml of water (CON); 250 ml of water + 20 g whey (20g); 250ml of water + 30 g whey (30g), prior to completing a 50 g OGTT. Blood was collected at -30, 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 min for the measurement of GIP, GLP-1, ghrelin, PP, and PYY. The whey protein was administered immediately following the -30 min and the 50 g OGTT began immediately after the 0 min blood draw. Metabolites were measured using multiplex fluorescent detection. One-way repeated measure ANOVA was used for statistical analysis for each dependent variable (P < 0.05). RESULTS: 20g and 30g of whey protein significantly increased incremental area under the curve (AUC) of GIP 32% and 38% compared to CON. 30g significantly decreased ghrelin AUC -13.9% and -20% compared to 20g and CON. 30g significantly increased PP AUC 28% compared to CON only. There were no differences in ghrelin and PP AUC between 20g and CON. There were no significant differences for GLP-1 and PYY between all trials. CONCLUSION: 30 g of whey protein prior to a glucose challenge increased secretion of GIP and PP and decreased ghrelin in type 2 and pre-diabetics. There seems to be a dose effect relationship between whey, ghrelin, and PP. 30 g of whey preload may induce insulinotropic and satiety effects from GIP, PP, and ghrelin responses in type 2 and pre-diabetics.

Recommended Citation

Irvine, Christopher; Castleberry, Todd; Oldham, Michael; Brisebois, Matthew; Deemer, Sarah E.; Gordon, Ryan; Henderson, Aubrien; and Ben-Ezra, Vic (2018) "Dose Effect of Whey Protein on Gut Hormone Responses in Pre-Diabetics and Type 2 Diabetics," International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings: Vol. 2: Iss. 10, Article 37.
Available at: https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/ijesab/vol2/iss10/37