Effects of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Phytochemicals Supplementation and Aerobic Exercise Training on Inflammatory and Hormonal Markers in Rats Fed Atherogenic Diet

Authors

Maria V. Aguirre, University of Texas at San AntonioFollow
Sarah L. Ullevig, University of Texas at San AntonioFollow
Li Li Ji, University of MinnesotaFollow
Tianou Zhang, University of Texas at San AntonioFollow

Abstract

Westernized diet and sedentary lifestyle may exacerbate systemic inflammation and provoke hormonal changes. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) derived phytochemicals Oleocanthal (Oleo) and Oleacein (Olea) demonstrate anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effects of Oleo/Olea supplementation and aerobic exercise training (AET) on plasma inflammatory cytokines and hormones in rats fed high fat atherogenic diet. METHODS: Forty-eight female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an atherogenic diet consisting of 1.25% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid for 12 weeks. Half of the rats were supplemented with 20% EVOO containing high Oleo/Olea (1000 mg/kg, HO, n=24) or low Oleo/Olea (100 mg/kg, LO, n=24). In each dietary group, half group was trained (T) on treadmill for 12 weeks (25m/min, 10% grade for 60 min/day, 5 days/week), while the other half remained sedentary. Two separate groups of rats were fed a chow diet (C, n=6) and atherogenic diet (A, n=12), respectively without EVOO or T. Inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) and hormones (leptin and insulin) were measured in plasma using Bioplex 200 Multiplex immunoassay. RESULTS: IL-1β and TNF-α were increased in A vs. C (P=<0.01). LO increased IL-1β compared to A (P<0.05) but not HO. HO showed a trend to lower IL-1β vs.LO (P=0.064). Although MCP-1 and TNF-α were both decreased in EVOO vs. A (P>0.05), significant differences were only found in EVOO+T compared to A (P<0.05). Insulin was also decreased in LO vs. A (P<0.05), but elevated in HO vs. LO (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: High-fat atherogenic diet induced plasma inflammatory cytokines but were ameliorated by EVOO supplementation and AET. Hormones leptin and insulin were decreased by EVOO supplementation and AET.

Recommended Citation

Aguirre, Maria V.; Ullevig, Sarah L.; Ji, Li Li; and Zhang, Tianou (2020) "Effects of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Phytochemicals Supplementation and Aerobic Exercise Training on Inflammatory and Hormonal Markers in Rats Fed Atherogenic Diet," International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings: Vol. 2: Iss. 12, Article 166.
Available at: https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/ijesab/vol2/iss12/166