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Abstract

As people age, static stability and balance decline. This can cause them to lose their balance and fall, which leads to a higher risk of future falls. Falls are one of the leading causes of death in adults 55 and older. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to find out if exercising regularly can increase static stability and balance, reducing the risk of falls for those 55 and older. METHODS: There were 5 subjects, which included 3 women and 2 men. They were all 55 years old or older. To measure the subjects' balance, a variation of the 4 Stage Balance Test was used. Participants stood on 2 Kinvent Delta Force Plates in four different stances. The first stance was a double-leg stance with feet shoulder-width apart with each foot on a single plate. The second was a staggered stance with the toe of one foot lining up with the instep of the other foot with the dominant foot in front. The third was a tandem stance in which one foot was placed directly in front of the other with the dominant foot in front and the final stance was a one-leg stance on their dominant leg. For all four stances, they stared at an x that was placed eye level on a wall directly in front of them. They then held each stance for ten seconds. They were rated on a scale of 1-4 depending on whether they were able to complete the tests. The sway or maximal distance from the center was measured in the antero-posterior axis and the medio-lateral axis in each stance. They filled out a questionnaire that included 15 questions adapted from the National Council on Aging Falls Questionnaire. RESULTS: Non-exercisers scored an average of 3 ± 1.41 on the 4 stage balance test while exercisers scored a 3.67 ± 0.58, meaning those who exercised had greater stability and balance. On the AP Sway Bipodal balance test, non-exercisers scored an average of 80.95 ± 8.56, while exercisers scored an average of 51.27 ± 41.19, meaning those who did not exercise swayed more in the anterior and posterior directions during their test. On the ML Sway Bipodal balance test, non-exercisers scored an average of 29.8 ± 22.91, while exercisers scored an average of 8.15 ± 1.57, meaning those who did not exercise swayed more in the medial and lateral directions during their test. CONCLUSION: Regular exercisers had greater static stability, which indicates a lower risk of falls. This study had only 5 subjects. With more subjects, the data will yield more information. The connection between the amount of exercise, the type of exercise, and balance needs to be explored further.

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