Abstract
Bodybuilding is a sport focused on physical appearance and hypertrophy where competitive success is determined by physique muscularity, proportion, definition, balance, and symmetry. Previous research studies indicate that bodybuilders have an increased risk for muscle dysmorphia symptomatology, disordered eating behaviors, and relative energy deficiency syndrome. However, limited research exists on the psychological characteristics associated with bodybuilders preparing for competition, such as perfectionism (i.e., perfectionistic striving and concern), competitive anxiety, and sport self-efficacy. PURPOSE: Thus, this pilot study investigated the relationships between perfectionism, competition anxiety, and self-efficacy in amateur bodybuilders. METHODS: Amateur bodybuilders (N = 21; 12 females, 9 males) between the ages of 21 and 46 years old (M = 27.1, SD = 6.1) were recruited to complete an online survey that included measurements of perfectionism (Multidimensional Inventory of Perfectionism in Sport; MIPS), self-efficacy (Athlete Self-Efficacy Scale; ASES), and sports performance anxiety (Sports Anxiety Scale-2; SAS-2), along with demographic information. RESULTS: The amateur bodybuilders reported high scores of perfectionism (M =56.3, SD= 13.2), high scores of sports performance anxiety (M = 27.3, SD = 8.1), and moderate scores of athletic self-efficacy (M = 53.1, SD = 7.7). Results also indicated a moderately positive correlation between perfectionistic striving and self-efficacy (r = 0.58, p < 0.01). However, as bodybuilders’ negative reactions to imperfection increased so did their level of sport-related anxiety, specifically related to their cognitive state anxiety which caused them difficulties with concentration during competition (r = 0.57, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Although beneficial facets of perfectionism (i.e., perfectionistic striving) positively influenced amateur bodybuilders’ beliefs in their ability to successfully achieve their bodybuilding goals, the negative responses to perfectionism (i.e., perfectionistic concerns) increased their cognitive state anxiety levels. Future research should further explore the complex relationships among important psychological characteristics (e.g., perfectionism) in bodybuilding.
Recommended Citation
Quintero, Christian O.; Dardaman, Samantha S.; and Martin, Scott B.
(2025)
"A Descriptive Correlational Study of Perfectionism, Self-Efficacy, and Anxiety in Amateur Bodybuilders: A Pilot Study,"
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings: Vol. 2:
Iss.
17, Article 176.
Available at:
https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/ijesab/vol2/iss17/176