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THE INFLUENCE OF AN(AEROBIC) TRAINING ON ANKLE PROPRIOCEPTION, ANKLE LAXITY, BALANCE

Abstract

Athletic training modalities isolate specific physiological processes to enhances performance. Aerobic training emphasizes endurance, sustained performance over extended periods of time whereas anaerobic training emphasizes high-magnitude, low-repetition output. Training modality may lead to increased likelihood of injury, dependent upon athlete specialization and demands of a task. The comparison of aerobic (AE) and anaerobically (AN) trained athletes may provide insight into training-related injury predisposition. PURPOSE: To determine the influence of training on lower extremity sensation, balance, and strength in college-aged athletes trained aerobically or anaerobically. METHODS: 37 unimpaired young adults (21 AE, 16 AN) completed sensory assessments including plantar cutaneous sensation, proprioception (ankle), and peak torque (PT) production at the ankle with an isokinetic dynamometer. Static balance was assessed before and after exercise under four conditions standing on a force plate. Differences between groups were determined using a mixed-model ANOVA (p<0.05). RESULTS: AE trained participants had greater proprioception (59.5 ± 15.8 vs. 68.9 ± 10.5%, p < 0.05) compared to AN participants. AN participants produced greater PT (95.1 ± 30.3 vs. 69.0 ± 23.9Nm, p < 0.05) than AE. AE males had greater positive active range of motion (AROM) (59.0 ± 9.4 vs. 50.0 ± 7.6°, p < 0.05), PF PT (108.3 ± 23.9 vs. 74.6 ± 22.1Nm, p > 0.05), and PF work (1356.8 ± 428.6 vs. 868.9 ± 377.1J, p > 0.05) than AN males. Center of pressure (COP) displacement differed due to base of support (two feet compared to one (p<0.001), with or without visual feedback (p<0.001), and following exercise (p=0.019). COP displacement did not differ between groups (p=0.632). CONCLUSION: Training modality influences ankle neuromuscular function (sensation and force production). These findings suggest aerobic training may enhance sensory feedback and joint stability, whereas anaerobic training improves strength and power output. Optimization of training programs should include activities to limit development of deficits related to training modality to mitigate injury risk. Future research should explore potential benefits of hybrid training to enhance both neuromuscular control and strength.

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