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THE EFFECTS OF BODY COMPOSITION, FUEL MIX, AND TRAINING TYPE, ON RESTING METABOLIC RATE

Abstract

J. Weishaar, C. Olsen, C. Robinson, C.M. Fehr, M. Austin, M. Rives

Lewis-Clark State College, Lewiston, ID

Over 70% of the U.S. population is overweight or obese. A sustained positive energy balance is a key component in this epidemic. With only 20% of the population meeting the physical activity guidelines for health, it is important to consider factors besides physical activity that contribute to total energy expenditure, especially Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR). PURPOSE: To determine if type of conditioning (aerobic vs. anaerobic), gender, or body composition has a greater effect on resting and exercise energy expenditure. METHODS: Using a convenience sampling approach, 10 recreationally active participants were recruited from a small Northwest United States college. Participants underwent body composition testing using hydrostatic weighing, 9 site skin-fold, and GE Lunar DEXA 3500. Resting metabolic rate, exercise energy expenditure, and non-protein respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were measured from utilizing the TrueOne 2400 metabolic cart (Parvo Medics). A self-reported survey was administered to determine type of conditioning (aerobic vs. anaerobic). RESULTS: Gender had a larger influence on RMR than any other factor (Males: 1.2975, Females: 0.975; p=0.03). Body composition, fuel mix, and training type had no effect on RMR based on a one-way ANOVA (p=0.301). Lean muscle mass had the strongest correlation to RMR (r=0.795). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that lean body mass is more closely related to RMR regardless of conditioning type or fuel mix during exercise. Males generally have a higher RMR and our results suggest this may be due to males also having greater lean muscle mass than females. These findings reiterate the critical role that physical activity plays in the fight against obesity as it promotes the development of lean muscle mass, thereby elevating RMR and total energy expenditure.

Supported by Lewis-Clark State College Movement and Sport Sciences Division.

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