Abstract
This study compared workplace protection factors (WPFs) for five different contaminants (endotoxin, fungal spores, (1→3)-β-D-glucan, total particle mass, and total particle number) provided by an N95 elastomeric respirator (ER) and an N95 filtering facepiece respirator (FFR). We previously reported size-selective WPFs for total particle numbers for the ER and FFR, whereas the current article is focused on WPFs for bioaerosols and total particle mass. Farm workers (n = 25) wore the ER and FFR while performing activities at eight locations representing horse farms, pig barns, and grain handling facilities. For the determination of WPFs, particles were collected on filters simultaneously inside and outside the respirator during the first and last 15 min of a 60-min experiment. One field blank per subject was collected without actual sampling. A reporting limit (RL) was established for each contaminant based on geometric means (GMs) of the field blanks as the lowest possible measurable values. Depending on the contaminant type, 38–48% of data points were below the RL. Therefore, a censored regression model was used to estimate WPFs (WPFcensored). The WPFcensored provided by the two types of respirators were not significantly different. In contrast, significant differences were found in the WPFcensored for different types of contaminants. GMs WPFscensored for the two types of respirators combined were 154, 29, 18, 19, and 176 for endotoxin, fungal spore count, (1→3)-β-D-glucan, total particle mass, and total particle number, respectively. The WPFcensored was more strongly associated with concentrations measured outside the respirator for endotoxin, fungal spores, and total particle mass except for total particle number. However, when only data points with outside concentrations higher than 176×RL were included, the WPFs increased, and the association between the outside concentrations and the WPFs became weaker. Results indicate that difference in WPFs observed between different contaminants may be attributed to differences in the sensitivity of analytical methods to detect low inside concentrations, rather than the nature of particles (biological or non-biololgical).
Disciplines
Agriculture | Community Health and Preventive Medicine | Environmental Public Health | Occupational and Environmental Health Nursing | Public Health and Community Nursing
Recommended Repository Citation
Cho, Kyungmin Jacob; Reponen, Tiina; McKay, Roy; Dwivedi, Alok; Adhikari, Atin; Singh, Umesh; Shukla, Rakesh; Jones, M. Susan; Jones, Gordon; and Grinshpun, Sergey A.. (2011). Comparison of Workplace Protection Factors for Different Biological Contaminants. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 8, 417-425.
Available at:
https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/nurs_fac_pub/56
Included in
Agriculture Commons, Community Health and Preventive Medicine Commons, Environmental Public Health Commons, Occupational and Environmental Health Nursing Commons, Public Health and Community Nursing Commons
Comments
Author Posting. (c) 'Copyright Holder', 2011. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of 'Copyright Holder' for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and Education, Volume 4 Issue 2, July 2011. doi:10.1080/17543266.2011.572564 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17543266.2011.572564)
Correspondence to: Tiina Reponen, University of Cincinnati, Departmentof Environmental Health, P.O. Box 670056, 3223 Eden Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056; e-mail: Tiina.Reponen@uc.edu.
The authors would like to thank the farm owners and workers who volunteered to participate in the study. This research was supported by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH R01 OH004085).