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PREVENTION AND TREATMENT METHODS ON THE OCCURRENCE OF MEDIAL TIBIAL STRESS SYNDROME IN HIGH SCHOOL CROSS COUNTRY ATHLETES

Abstract

Kayla Baker, Makayla Mack, Rachel Tinius. Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY.

BACKGROUND: Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS; i.e., shin splints) is among one of the most frequently reported running-related musculoskeletal injuries. Minimal research has investigated the prevention of MTSS with limited evidence supporting few preventative measures; therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine preventative measures that most strongly correlated with decreased prevalence of MTSS. METHODS: Participants were recruited via communication with high school cross country coaches and included male and female high school cross-country runners (14-18 years). Data was collected through an electronic Qualtrics Survey which included 12 questions with an estimated 3-minute response time. The questions addressed potential risk factors for MTSS, any warm-up protocols currently being engaged in before running, and any measures taken to prevent and treat MTSS. Data was analyzed using Chi-square Goodness of Fit tests and Tests of Independence to determine frequencies of occurrences for MTSS and examine the association between categorical variables, respectively. RESULTS: Chi Square Tests of Independence revealed significant associations between MTSS and prevention methods, including: 1) MTSS and strengthening exercises (χ2(2) = 7.571, p = 0.023, φ = 0.735); and 2) MTSS and wearing proper running shoes (χ2(2) = 9.800, p = 0.007, φ = 0.837). For treatment methods, MTSS was significantly associated with icing (χ2(2) = 7.778, p = 0.020, φ = 0.745), using pain relief cream (χ2(2) = 7.778, p = 0.020, φ = 0.745), using a roller (χ2(2) = 7.778, p = 0.020, φ = 0.745), wearing proper running shoes (χ2(2) = 7.143, p = 0.028, φ = 0.714), stretching (χ2(2) = 11.096, p = 0.004, φ = 0.890), and strengthening exercises (χ2(2) = 11.278, p = 0.004, φ = 0.898). Additionally, MTSS was also associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) (χ2(4) = 11.100, p = 0.025, φ = 0.630). CONCLUSION: This information regarding prevention and treatment techniques can be used to better educate coaches on which athletes are more prone to developing MTSS and how a factor (e.g., wearing proper running shoes) can affect all their athletes. Additionally, coaches and parents may benefit from understanding the optimal body weight needs for their athlete as too low of a body weight was seen to be associated with increased occurrence of MTSS in the current study.

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